Furniture shopping can feel like learning a new language all over again, especially when sales associates or online listings throw around terms like "kiln-dried hardwood" or "eight-way hand-tied springs” which can be hard to understand especially for first timers.
For homeowners who are furnishing a new space or adding new ones, knowing these terms isn’t just helpful; it's essential, because understanding them helps you make an informed decision before buying.
At Artspire Home, we have years of experience in the furniture industry. Our team of experts works hard to bring you the best in home and commercial furnishings, and over the years, we’ve learned a lot about stools, tables, chairs, and beds.
We've put together a comprehensive glossary of common furniture terms every homeowner should know to help you make informed decisions, shop confidently, and get the deal you deserve like a pro.
Furniture Term Glossary
A
ABS Plastic
ABS or Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, is a thermoplastic polymer known for its impressive strength, durability, and lightweight nature, along with a high-gloss finish. It remains a popular choice for furniture and commonly appears in modern stools and chairs due to its strength and versatility.
Acrylic
A clear, impact-resistant material that mimics glass. It works perfectly for contemporary, space-saving designs or compact rooms, as it occupies minimal visual space.
Accent Lighting
A space, such as artwork, architectural details, or decorative furniture which adds depth and dimension by creating visual interest and contrast.
Ambient Lighting
Referring to the overall illumination of a room, it provides uniform light that allows people to see and move safely. It can come from ceiling fixtures, recessed lights, floor lamps, or wall sconces, setting the mood of a space and forming the base layer of lighting.
Apron
A part of furniture found on chairs, tables, chests, and cabinets. It serves as the horizontal support below a tabletop or seat, connecting the legs and providing structural strength.
Attached Back Pillow
It is sewn or fastened directly to the frame of a sofa or chair to prevent the pillow from shifting out of place, maintaining a neat, consistent appearance. This offers low-maintenance comfort and is ideal for busy households or commercial settings.
B
Backless
Also known as a recamier or a divan, this term describes stools or chairs without a backrest and it often appears in minimalist or space-saving settings. Backless stools are compact and tuck easily under counters or tables, making them ideal for saving space in smaller areas.
Baize
A coarse woolen fabric with a slightly fuzzy surface, traditionally dyed green. It is commonly used to cover gaming tables, desktops, and card tables due to its durability and smooth texture that allows cards and game pieces to slide easily.
Ball and Claw
Inspired by 18th-century European and Chinese motifs, this ornate feature is typically found on traditional or antique-style chairs, tables, and cabinets. A carved claw, often in the form of an eagle or lion's grasp, holds a ball.
Ball Foot
Commonly used in traditional or vintage furniture styles, its round and spherical furniture foot adds a sense of formality and softness to the base of chests, dressers, and tables.
Bentwood
Refers to pieces made by bending wood, typically beech into curved shapes using heat and steam. This technique creates smooth, flowing lines and lightweight yet strong frames. It is most famously used in classic café chairs and Thonet designs.
Barrel Chair
A rounded upholstered chair with a back that forms a continuous curve from arm to arm, resembling the shape of a barrel. It offers a cozy, enveloping seat and adds a stylish, sculptural element to living rooms, reading nooks, or bedrooms.
Bar Table
A tall table that is usually around 90cm high, designed for use with bar stools. It is great for casual dining and kitchen use, and you can usually find it in bars, restaurants, and coffee shops.
C
Cabriole Leg
A curved furniture leg that bows outward at the top and inward at the bottom. Common in classic and antique furniture styles.
Camelback
Characterized by a central arch flanked by two lower, curved humps, resembling a camel’s back. This design originated from 18th-century England, and adds an elegant, traditional silhouette to formal living rooms or parlors.
Candelabra
A decorative lighting fixture with multiple arms for holding candles or lights, often mounted on walls or ceilings. They add a classic or romantic ambiance to dining areas, entryways, or traditional interiors.
Cantilever Frame
A type of chair design that features no back legs, as the seat and structure are supported by a single curved metal or wooden frame in order to create a floating effect.
Case Goods
Non-upholstered furniture pieces that are typically made of wood or other hard materials. Case goods include items like dressers, chests, cabinets, bookshelves, and tables, often used for storage or surface display.
Caster
A small wheel attached to the base of furniture, allowing it to move easily and they are commonly found on office chairs, beds, and rolling carts, enhancing mobility and flexibility in home or commercial spaces.
Chaise / Chaise Lounge
Long and upholstered seat designed for reclining that is long enough to prop one’s legs up on, combining both style and comfort. This elegant piece is perfect for relaxing in living rooms, bedrooms, or reading nooks.
Cheval Mirror
A full-length mirror mounted on a swivel frame, allowing it to tilt for various viewing angles. Cheval mirrors are free-standing and often used in bedrooms or dressing areas for outfit checks and grooming.
Chenille
A soft and fuzzy fabric made from yarns with a caterpillar-like texture. Chenille is commonly used in upholstery, throws, and cushions for its plush feel and subtle sheen.
Chesterfield
Symbolizing sophistication, it is mostly used in formal or executive interiors. The Chesterfield style is known for its deep button tufting, rolled arms, and equal-height back and armrests, which are traditionally upholstered in leather.
Chintz
Usually used in drapery, upholstery, and decorative pillows and is known for adding a cheerful, vintage charm to interiors for its glazed cotton fabric with a feature of floral patterns.
Club Chair
A deep, low, and upholstered armchair with a spacious seat and comfortable back. Originally used in gentlemen’s clubs, the club chair is now a staple in modern and traditional living rooms for its relaxed and supportive design.
Coffee Table
A low table typically placed in front of a sofa or seating area. It is used to hold drinks, magazines, or decorative items, which are central to living room layouts.
Cocktail Ottoman
A large upholstered ottoman designed to serve as both a footrest and a coffee table. Often used with trays for drinks or décor, cocktail ottomans offer comfort and multifunctionality in lounge areas.
Commode
Originally referred to as a chest of drawers, it is a low cabinet with doors or drawers used for storage. Some vintage or antique commodes may also include built-in washstands.
Corner Block
A triangular reinforcement block used in the corners of furniture frames, especially in chairs, tables, and cabinets in order to strengthen its joints and durability.
Cotton
Derived from the cotton plant, it is widely used in upholstery, drapery, and bedding because of its breathable, durable, and hypoallergenic properties.
Couch
An upholstered piece of seating furniture designed to accommodate two or more people. While often used interchangeably with “sofa,” a couch may imply a more casual, lounge-friendly style.
Credenza
Long, low storage cabinet typically used in dining rooms or offices. It often features sliding doors or drawers and may support serving items, office equipment, or decorative pieces.
Cupboard
Closed cabinet with shelves that are used for storing dishes, linens, or food. Cupboards may be freestanding or built-in and are commonly found in kitchens, dining rooms, and utility spaces.
Curio (Cabinet)
A glass-fronted cabinet used to display collectibles, ornaments, or heirlooms. Curio cabinets typically include interior lighting, glass shelving, and mirrored backs to enhance visibility and presentation.
D
Dacron
A registered trademark of polyester fiber used in furniture padding. Manufacturers often use Dacron to wrap cushions and give them a smooth, full appearance while enhancing comfort and durability.
Damask
Richly patterned fabric, typically made from silk, wool, linen, cotton, or synthetic fibers. Damask features reversible patterns, often floral or geometric, and is frequently used in upholstery, curtains, and other decorative furnishings.
Daybed
A versatile piece of furniture that serves as both a sofa and a bed. It typically has a back and sides and is ideal for small spaces, guest rooms, or home offices where multi-functional furniture is valuable.
Deck
The part of a sofa or chair under the seat cushions. It is often covered in fabric and helps support the cushions.
Decking
The fabric that covers the deck of a seat, usually hidden beneath the seat cushion. It may match the upholstery or be a different, less expensive material.
Dentil Molding
A decorative wood trim featuring small, evenly spaced rectangular blocks (resembling teeth). It is often used in traditional furniture, cabinetry, and architectural details to create a classic and ornate look.
Distressing
A finishing technique used to give furniture an aged, worn, or antique look. This can involve sanding, scoring, or applying special finishes to simulate years of use and to add character to the piece.
Divided Back
The upholstered backrest is split into separate sections and padded individually. It is designed to enhance comfort and add a tailored, supportive look, which is commonly found in recliners and sectionals.
Double Welt
A type of trim that uses two cords covered in fabric, sewn side by side. It is typically used to finish the edges of upholstered furniture and create a clean, refined appearance.
Dovetail Joint
An interlocking wood joint used in drawers and cabinets, indicating quality craftsmanship and durability.
Dowel
A cylindrical rod that is usually wooden are used in construction and joinery to reinforce joints. Dowels are inserted into aligned holes in two pieces of wood to hold them together securely, especially in chairs and cabinetry.
Down
The soft feathers from the underlayer of geese or ducks, often used in high-end cushions and pillows. Down filling provides luxurious softness and long-lasting comfort but may require regular fluffing to maintain its shape.
Dressmaker Skirt
A tailored skirt on upholstered furniture that fully covers the legs and frame, often reaching the floor.
Drop-In Machine-Tied Springs
A pre-assembled spring unit used in upholstered furniture that is dropped into the frame and machine-tied for uniform support.
Drop Leaf Table
A table with hinged leaves on either side that can be folded down when not in use, which is ideal for saving space in small dining areas or apartments.
Double Pedestal
Featuring two support columns (pedestals) instead of legs at each end to provide greater legroom and stability.
E
Edge Roll
A layer of padding material, typically foam or Dacron, placed along the edges of upholstered furniture.
Eight-Way Hand-Tied Springs
A premium spring system in upholstered furniture where springs are hand-tied in eight directions for even, long-lasting support.
Enamel Finish
Smooth and glossy coating applied to surfaces like metal or wood.
Engineered Wood
Engineered wood, such as plywood, MDF, or particleboard, is a man-made wood product manufactured by binding wood fibers, particles, or veneers with adhesives.
Etagere
A tall, open-shelving unit made of wood, metal, or glass, often used to display decorative objects, books, or plants.
End Table
End tables provide a convenient surface for items like lamps, books, drinks, or decorative accents which are typically placed y at the end of sofa, armchair, or bed.
F
Fauteul
A French-style open-arm chair with an upholstered seat and backrest, typically supported by an exposed wooden frame. It is usually found in formal living rooms or traditional settings.
Faux Finish
A decorative painting technique that mimics the appearance of materials like wood, marble, or stone to create texture and depth without using the actual material.
Fiddle Back
A chair-back design featuring a central, curved splat that takes the shape of a violin or fiddle.
Filigree
In furniture, filigree appears in metal accents or carved wooden details, it is a delicate ornamental work made from fine wire, often in intricate patterns.
Finials
Ornamental end pieces often found on bedposts, curtain rods, or the tops of furniture.
Finish
A protective and decorative coating applied to wood, metal, or other surfaces. Common finishes include lacquer, paint, or stain, which helps in enhancing appearance and shield against wear and moisture.
Finger Joint
A woodworking technique that joins two pieces of wood using interlocking "fingers" cut into each end to provide strong structural support.
Fire-Cut Veneer
A decorative veneer pattern created by slicing wood in a way that emphasizes natural flame-like grain.
Flat Pack Furniture
Also known for its DIY assembly, cost-efficiency, and space-saving benefits, this furniture is sold in boxes with pieces and assembly instructions.
Flip Flop Sofa
Known for their versatility, this contemporary style sofa converts into a bed by flipping the backrest forward or backward.
Floor Protectors
Pads or glides placed under furniture legs to prevent scratching or denting floors.
Fluting
A decorative design featuring vertical grooves carved into furniture legs, columns, or trims.
Footboard
The panel at the foot of a bed, typically matched with the headboard to provide a visual and physical boundary for the bed.
Footrest
A supportive surface or extension on chairs, stools, or recliners designed to support the user’s feet.
Four-Post Bed
A bed frame with four vertical posts at each corner, sometimes designed to support a canopy.
Frame
The structural skeleton of a furniture piece, made from wood, metal, or composite materials.
Fretwork
An ornamental design carved into wood or metal featuring repeating geometric or floral patterns.
Frieze
A decorative horizontal band or panel, often carved or painted, that runs along the top section of furniture pieces, walls, or architectural elements.
Fringe
A decorative trim consisting of hanging threads or tassels, commonly found on cushions, upholstered furniture, or drapery.
Front Rail
The horizontal support bar is located at the front base of a seat frame, such as on a sofa or chair to hold the seat structure together.
Futon
A traditional Japanese style of bedding that is versatile and foldable, which functions as both a couch and a bed.
G
Gas-Lift Mechanism
Allows height adjustment in stools or chairs through a gas-powered cylinder.
Gate Leg Table
A type of drop-leaf table with hinged leaves supported by legs that swing out like gates which can be expanded or collapsed as needed.
Glider
A chair or seating mechanism that moves back and forth on a fixed track, offering a smooth gliding motion. They are popular in nurseries and living rooms and are often considered an alternative to rocking chairs.
Grommet
Grommets are used to organize and protect cables or wires. They are reinforced holes, usually made of metal or plastic, inserted into surfaces like desks or cabinets.
H
Hand-Rubbed Finish
A hand-rubbed finish refers to a wood finishing technique where artisans apply and buff stains, oils, or sealants by hand in order to enhance the wood’s grain, deepens color richness, and produces a smooth, natural sheen.
Hand-Tied
Securing springs in upholstered furniture involves manually tying them together using twine. Craftspeople typically tie springs in eight directions, resulting in superior support, even weight distribution, and long-lasting durability.
Hardwood
Hardwood comes from deciduous trees like oak, maple, mahogany, and walnut. It resists wear better than softwoods and is a preferred choice for long-lasting frames, cabinets, and tables.
Hassock
A padded, upholstered ottoman or footrest that usually lacks storage or legs. People use it to rest their feet or as extra seating. In religious settings, a hassock may also refer to a kneeling cushion.
Headboard
The upright panel that is attached to the head of a bed to provide back support while sitting up in bed.
Heat Transfer Printing
A decorative technique that applies images, patterns, or designs onto a surface, such as fabric, veneer, or plastic using heat and pressure.
Highboy
A highboy is a tall, vertical chest of drawers typically made in two stacked sections: a lower base with drawers and an upper cabinet. They are often used in bedrooms for storing clothes and linens.
Hoop Back
This design is common in Windsor chairs, which feature a style where a single piece of curved wood or metal forms a rounded backrest, resembling a hoop.
Horseshoe Back
A horseshoe back is a curved, U-shaped backrest found on chairs or stools. This design wraps around the sitter for support and comfort and is often featured in Asian-inspired or mid-century modern furniture.
Huntboard
A tall and narrow sideboard traditionally used in Southern colonial homes. It is originally designed to serve food after a hunt, but it now functions as a serving or storage piece in dining rooms, often with cabinets or drawers.
Hutch
A furniture piece consisting of a lower cabinet base and an upper open or enclosed shelving unit.
I
Illumination
The intentional use of lighting, whether built-in or external, to incorporate illumination into display cabinets, mirrors, or shelves, improving its visibility in both residential and commercial settings.
Inlay
A decorative technique where artisans embed pieces of contrasting materials such as wood, metal, ivory, or shell into the surface of furniture to create intricate patterns or images.
Innerspring Mattress
An innerspring mattress contains a core system of metal coils or springs that provide support and bounce.
Intarsia
A woodworking technique which is similar to inlay, where differently colored woods are precisely cut and fitted together like a puzzle to form a decorative pattern or image. Unlike inlay, which is embedded into a base material, intarsia designs form a raised surface.
Interlining
Refers to a layer of fabric placed between the outer fabric and the inner lining in curtains, upholstery, or bedding to add insulation, increases fullness, and enhances the drape and feel of the finished product.
Iridescent
Iridescent refers to a surface that displays shifting colors depending on the angle of light.
Island
An island is a freestanding counter or cabinet unit, typically used in kitchens or large bathrooms.
J
Jacquard
A type of intricate woven fabric made using a special loom that controls individual threads to create complex patterns. These fabrics are common in upholstery and drapery, as jacquard fabrics often feature florals, damasks, or geometrics.
Japanning
Popular in 18th century Europe, this decorative finishing technique imitates Asian lacquerwork. Artisans apply multiple layers of varnish, often black or red, and polish them to a high gloss.
Joint
There are different types of joints, such as dovetail, mortise-and-tenon, or finger joints. A joint is the connection point between two pieces of wood or material in furniture construction.
K
Kickpleat
Tailored style of fabric skirt used in upholstered furniture or drapery, where straight vertical folds (pleats) allow the fabric to hang cleanly at the corners.
Kiln-Dried Hardwood
Refers to the wood that has been dried in a kiln to remove moisture, reducing the risk of warping or splitting and increasing longevity.
Klik Klak
Klik klak refers to a sofa or futon mechanism that allows the backrest to fold down flat to form a bed. It is named for the clicking sound it makes when shifting positions.
Knee Hole Desk
A desk designed with a central open space beneath the work surface, providing room for a chair and leg clearance. It is flanked by drawers or cabinets on each side.
Knock Down Furniture
Also known as ready-to-assemble (RTA) furniture, knock down furniture ships in flat boxes and requires assembly by the customer. Manufacturers design these pieces with pre-drilled holes and simple fittings for cost-effectiveness, compact shipping, and DIY convenience.
Knockoff
An imitation of a well-known designer furniture piece, typically made with less expensive materials and construction methods.
Kitchen Island
A freestanding or built-in countertop unit located in the center of a kitchen, often including appliances or sinks, serves as a multifunctional hub.
L
Lacquer
Artisans spray or brush this protective, clear, and glossy finish onto furniture to protect and enhance the surface of the wood. It is commonly used in modern and Asian-inspired furniture.
Ladder Back
A chair design where horizontal slats span the backrest, resembling the rungs of a ladder.
Laminate
Laminated furniture is man-made that looks like wood, as it is created by bonding layers of materials, it is often made of paper or resin, over a core surface like particleboard or MDF.
Lamp
A portable light fixture used for illumination and decoration in various rooms.
Lattice
A crisscross pattern typically made from thin strips of wood or metal which is used decoratively in furniture panels, headboards, or cabinet doors.
Lawson
Featuring square or rolled arms lower than the backrest, along with loose seat and back cushions.
Leather Match
Combining genuine leather on seating surfaces with matching faux leather on less visible parts (like backs or sides).
Leaf (in Tables)
An insertable or foldable extension that expands a table’s surface for extra seating.
Left-Facing
Describing the orientation of a sectional or chaise when you are standing in front of it. If the extended part is on your left-hand side, it is a left-facing piece.
Lift Chair
A recliner with a built-in electric lifting mechanism that tilts the base forward to assist the user in standing up.
Lissere
A finely woven jacquard fabric that features detailed floral or damask patterns.
Loft Bed
An elevated bed frame that requires stairs or a ladder creates usable space beneath it, such as for a desk, storage, or additional seating.
Long Case Clock
Also known as a grandfather clock, a long case clock is a tall, freestanding timepiece housed in an ornate wooden cabinet and typically includes a pendulum.
Loose Pillow Back
The back cushions are separate and not attached to the frame.
Lounge Chair
Known as a comfortable chair, it is usually upholstered and reclined, designed for relaxation. It typically features an extended seat or a separate ottoman to support the legs and is commonly used in living rooms, patios, or reading areas.
Loveseat
A small sofa designed to seat two people.
Lowboy
Short dresser or dressing table with drawers, and it includes a mirror and was traditionally used as a vanity and often used in bedrooms or entryways.
M
Marble
A natural stone often used in tabletops, counters, and accent furniture for its elegant veining and polished surface
Marquetry
The art of applying decorative patterns to furniture surfaces using thin pieces of veneer made from different wood types or materials.
Mattress
A cushioned support surface used on a bed frame for sleeping. Mattresses come in various constructions which includes innerspring, memory foam, latex, and hybrid models.
MDF (Medium-Density Fibreboard)
An engineered wood product made by compressing wood fibers with resin under heat and pressure. It is affordable and widely used in flat-pack and modern furniture.
Microfiber
Synthetic fabric made of ultra-fine polyester and nylon fibers which is soft, stain-resistant, and easy to clean.
Miter
A joint made by cutting two pieces of material at an angle, typically 45 degrees, so they form a corner and it’s commonly used in picture frames, trim, and decorative furniture edges.
Miter Joint
A miter joint is a specific carpentry technique where two pieces of material meet at an angled edge, which is typically at 45 degrees and usually to form a corner they meet to form a corner, usually a 90-degree angle.
Mirror
A reflective surface, typically made of glass coated with a metallic backing, used in furniture for both functional and decorative purposes. Mirrors are integrated into dressers, vanities, and wall units, to help enhance light and create the illusion of space.
Modular Furniture
Consisting of interchangeable pieces that can be arranged in various configurations to allow flexibility and adapts easily to changing needs.
Modular Seating
Includes individual seat units that can be combined or separated to form sectionals, sofas, or lounges.
Modular Sofa
A type of sectional composed of separate pieces such as chaises, corner units, and ottomans that you can arrange to fit different room shapes.
Monochromatic Scheme
Using one color in varying shades, tones, and tints throughout a room creates a unified, calming aesthetic that emphasizes texture and material contrasts rather than color variety.
Mortise
A cavity or hole cut into one piece of wood to receive a corresponding projection (tenon) from another piece, forming a joint.
Mortise and Tenon
The mortise and tenon joint is a traditional and highly durable woodworking method where a tenon (a protruding end) fits snugly into a mortise (a hollowed slot). Furniture makers use this joint in chair legs, tables, and frames for long-lasting structural strength.
Motive or Motif
A recurring design element or decorative theme that defines the style or period of the furniture, such as floral, geometric, or scroll patterns, is used in furniture, fabrics, or interiors.
Motion Furniture
Any furnishing that includes chairs, sofas, or recliners that feature moving parts such as reclining backs, extending footrests, or swiveling base that is often activated manually or electronically.
Mount
In furniture terms, a mount is a decorative or functional attachment made of metal, stone, or other material, often used to reinforce corners, add accents, or provide support.
N
Nailhead Trim
Refers to decorative metal studs or tacks used to outline the edges of upholstered furniture and apply these in straight lines or patterns.
Natural Grain
Describes the visible texture, pattern, and imperfections found in wood, highlighting the unique characteristics of each piece.
Neoclassic
Neoclassic furniture design draws inspiration from classical Greek and Roman art and architecture for its elegant symmetry, clean lines, columns, and ornate motifs such as laurel wreaths and urns.
Nesting Tables
A set of small tables that fit neatly underneath each other in a stacked formation.
Nightstand
A small bedside table typically used to hold a lamp, alarm clock, books, or personal items. Many nightstands include drawers or shelves for additional storage and complement the style of the bed or bedroom set.
Non-Woven Fabric
Made from bonded fibers rather than woven threads, using heat, chemicals, or pressure. It is lightweight, breathable, and often used in mattress covers, furniture linings, and protective upholstery layers.
Nylon
A strong, synthetic fiber commonly used in upholstery fabrics and carpet blends.
O
Occasional Furniture
Refers to small, movable pieces such as side tables, console tables, or accent chairs that serve both decorative and functional purposes and are used occasionally.
Ogee Molding
Features an S-shaped curve that combines concave and convex lines.
Olefin
A synthetic fiber made from polypropylene or polyethylene, known for its durability, stain resistance, and colorfastness. Manufacturers use olefin in indoor/outdoor upholstery, rugs, and cushions due to its moisture resistance and easy maintenance.
Ormolu
A decorative technique involving the application of finely ground, high-karat gold mixed with mercury onto bronze.
Ottoman
An ottoman is a low, upholstered piece of furniture often used as a footrest, coffee table, or additional seating.
Ottoman Bed
Featuring a lifting bed frame that reveals hidden storage space beneath the mattress.
Outdoor Furniture
This includes seating, tables, and storage specifically designed to withstand weather conditions like moisture, sun exposure, and temperature changes. It is commonly made from durable materials such as teak, metal, resin wicker, or powder-coated aluminum for long-lasting use on patios, decks, or gardens.
Overlay
A decorative element is often a carved, molded, or metal applique attached to a furniture surface for visual interest.
P
Parquet Top
Featuring a surface design created from small wooden pieces arranged in geometric or angular patterns which is most often in square, herringbone, or chevron styles.
Parquetry
A decorative woodworking technique that arranges small wood veneers into intricate patterns, often used on tabletops, flooring, and cabinet panels. Unlike marquetry (which focuses on imagery), parquetry emphasizes geometric designs and symmetry.
Parsons Chair
Its clean design originated from Parsons School of Design in the 1930s which is a streamlined, armless dining chair with a tall, straight back and upholstered seat.
Parson’s Leg
A straight, square, and simple furniture leg design often found on modern tables and chairs.
Particle Board
An engineered wood product made from wood chips, sawdust, and resin, compressed into dense sheets. It is commonly used in budget-friendly furniture and is often covered with veneer or laminate for aesthetics.
Patina
Refers to the natural change in surface texture or color that occurs over time due to age, exposure, or use, especially in wood, leather, and metal.
Pattern Match
The technique of aligning fabric, veneer, or wallpaper patterns in upholstery and woodworking so that the design flows continuously across seams or panels.
Pedestal Table
Features a central support base instead of four legs, and its design maximizes legroom.
Pediment
A classical architectural detail placed at the top of a cabinet, bookcase, or mirror frame which forms a triangular or arched shape.
Pembroke Table
Originating in 18th-century England, this small, drop-leaf side table with folding flaps on both sides and one or more drawers.
Pie Crust Table Top
A raised scalloped edge resembling the crimped rim of a pie crust helps keep items from sliding off.
Pillow Top
Additional padded layer stitched onto the top of a mattress for extra softness and cushioning.
Pile
Refers to the raised surface or texture of a fabric, such as velvet or corduroy, formed by loops or cut fibers.
Piping (Fluting)
A decorative trim made from fabric-covered cord sewn into the seams of upholstered furniture. Also known as welting, it defines edges and adds a tailored, finished look.
Note: Piping differs from fluting, which involves carved grooves in wood.
Poly Dacron Wrap
A layer of polyester fiberfill (Dacron) used to wrap foam cushions. It softens edges, smooths the surface, and improves comfort and appearance in upholstered furniture.
Polyester
A category of synthetic polymers that are widely used in textiles and plastics. It is a synthetic fiber used in upholstery, drapery, and cushion filling.
Polyfoam
Synthetic cushioning material used in mattresses, sofas, and chairs that offers a range of densities and firmness levels.
Polyurethane
Synthetic material used for both foam cushioning and protective coatings. In finishes, polyurethane creates a durable, water-resistant seal on wood furniture; in foam, it provides comfort in seats and mattresses.
Poseur Table
Tall, slim table typically standing between 100–110 cm high, designed for use while standing or with bar-height stools. They are often used in cafes, pubs, or event settings.
Pressboard
A type of engineered wood product made from compressed paper or cardboard fibers. It is lightweight and inexpensive, used primarily for drawer bottoms, backing panels, or temporary-use furniture components.
Pub Table
Tall dining or bar-height table, generally around 90 cm or higher, designed for casual seating with stools.
Punch-Out Back
A design feature in chairs where the backrest includes a cut-out or open section, often for ventilation or decorative appeal.
Q
Quarter Sawn
A method of cutting logs into lumber where the wood is sliced at a 60- to 90-degree angle to the growth rings.
Queen Anne Leg
Curved furniture leg that often ends in a pad or club foot, commonly associated with 18th-century English design.
Quilted Fabric
A padded texture created by stitching together two or more fabric layers with a layer of batting or foam in between.
Quirk
A small groove or channel used in furniture molding to create a shadow line that visually separates one surface or detail from another.
R
Rabbet Joint
A woodworking technique where a recess or groove is cut into the edge of a piece of wood to allow another piece to fit snugly.
Rail Joints
Referring to the connections where horizontal supports (rails) meet vertical components, like legs or stiles, in furniture construction.
Rain or Bubble Glass
Rain or bubble glass is a textured decorative glass featuring small bubbles or ripple-like patterns. It is used in cabinet doors or display cases to add visual interest and obscures the view of contents while allowing light to pass through.
Rattan
A natural, vine-like material harvested from tropical palm species. Craftspeople often use rattan in indoor and outdoor furniture, particularly in coastal, bohemian, and tropical-inspired styles.
Recliner
An upholstered chair that allows the user to lean back and elevate their feet through a built-in, adjustable backrest and footrest mechanism.
Refectory Table
A long, narrow dining table originally used in monasteries and great halls that features sturdy trestle. Additionally, it features a sturdy trestle base and may include extensions or leaves to accommodate additional seating.
Reproduction
Furniture that is designed to imitate the style of a historical period, such as Victorian, Georgian, or Art Deco. While it is not antique, reproductions recreate traditional design elements using modern techniques and materials.
Restoration
The process of repairing or refurbishing old or antique furniture to return it to its original condition or enhance its function and appearance. It may involve cleaning, refinishing, reupholstering, or structural repairs.
Retro
Furniture and design that reflects the style and aesthetic of a previous era, particularly mid-20th century (1950s–70s). Retro pieces often feature bold colors, geometric shapes, and nostalgic design cues.
Return
In sectional sofas, desks, or countertops, a return refers to an extension or secondary surface that wraps around or connects at a right angle. For example, a return on a desk creates an L-shaped configuration for additional workspace.
Reverse Diamond Match
A veneer pattern in which four triangular pieces are arranged to form a diamond shape, with alternating grain directions.
Right-Facing
Describing the orientation of a sectional or chaise when viewed from the front. If the extended section is on the viewer’s right-hand side, it is called right-facing. This term helps buyers select the correct configuration for their space.
Rocking Chair
A type of chair mounted on curved bands (rockers) that allow it to move back and forth. Traditionally used for relaxation or nursing, rocking chairs are popular in both classic and contemporary styles, offering gentle motion and ergonomic comfort.
Rolled Arms
A type of armrest on sofas and chairs where the arm curves outward or downward in a soft, scroll-like shape.
Roll-Top Desk
It became popular in the 19th century and remains valued for its vintage charm and built-in organization as this roll-top desk includes a flexible, slatted tambour cover that rolls down to conceal the work surface and compartments.
Room Divider
Freestanding or foldable screen, panel, or shelving unit used to visually or functionally separate areas within a space. Designers use them in open-plan layouts for privacy, zoning, or aesthetic appeal.
RTA (Ready-to-Assemble)
RTA furniture (Ready-to-Assemble) is shipped in flat boxes and designed for assembly by the consumer. It includes pre-drilled holes and hardware, making it convenient and cost-effective, especially for DIY shoppers and small spaces.
Ruffled Pleat
A gathered or softly folded decorative fabric trim often found on bed skirts, slipcovers, and upholstered furniture.
Rug
A textile floor covering, typically smaller than a carpet and not affixed to the floor. Rugs are available in various materials, sizes, and patterns, as it can suit traditional, modern, or eclectic interiors.
Rule Joint
A type of hinge joint commonly used on drop-leaf tables. It allows the leaf to swing up and form a level surface, with a rounded edge that hides the hinge mechanism and provides a smooth transition between the fixed and moving parts.
Rush
A seating material made by weaving strands of twisted paper, grass, or cattail leaves in a crisscross pattern.
Rush Seat
woven seat made from natural or synthetic rush material, commonly found in rustic or colonial-style dining chairs.
S
Satin
Smooth, glossy fabric with a soft sheen, often made from silk or synthetic fibers.
Sateen
Cotton fabric woven to create a silky, lustrous finish. While it resembles satin, sateen is more breathable and commonly used in upholstery, bedding, and drapery.
Scale
Refers to the size or proportion of a furniture piece in relation to the space or to other furnishings.
Scalloped
A decorative edge featuring a series of semi-circular curves, often found on the tops of mirrors, table aprons, or chair backs.
Scatter Back
A type of upholstered furniture design where multiple loose pillows form the backrest instead of fixed or semi-attached cushions.
Screen (Room Divider)
A screen can be also called a room divider, it is a freestanding or foldable panel used to separate areas within a room. They can often be made of wood, metal, or fabric and are commonly used to create privacy or define zones in open layouts.
Secretaire
A desk with a drop-down front or fold-out writing surface that conceals drawers and compartments inside, including cabinets or bookcases, to provide both workspace and storage in a compact design.
Sectional Furniture
It consists of modular seating units that can be arranged in various configurations such as sofas with chaises, corner pieces, and armless sections.
Serving Table
A small, portable table used to hold or serve food and drinks, often placed in dining rooms or entertainment areas, may include drawers, trays, or wheels.
Serpentine Front
A convex section between two concave ones, featuring a curved, wave-like contour along the front of a cabinet, dresser, or desk.
Settee
A small upholstered seating piece designed for two or more people. With a more formal appearance than a loveseat, settees often feature high backs and arms and are used in entryways, bedrooms, or living rooms.
Settle
A settle is a wooden bench with a high back and arms, sometimes with a storage compartment beneath the seat.
Shade (Lampshade)
A cover for a light fixture, usually made of fabric, glass, or paper, that diffuses and softens the light.
Shaker Design
Shaker design refers to a style developed by the Shaker religious community, known for its simplicity, functionality, and fine craftsmanship as they feature clean lines, tapered legs, and minimal ornamentation.
Shaped Back
Referring to a chair or sofa backrest that offers ergonomic support that follows a contoured form rather than being straight.
Sheaf Back
Usually common in country and colonial furniture, this decorative chair back style mimics a tied bundle of wheat stalks.
Shield Back Chair
It is frequently found in dining room sets and inspired by 18th-century furniture, this shield-back chair features a backrest shaped like a heart-shaped medieval shield, often with pierced splats and Neoclassical design details.
Short Rail
A horizontal support member found at the bottom of a chair or sofa frame, connecting legs or other vertical elements.
Side Chair
An armless dining chair typically used at the sides of a table and it is usually a small seat with 15 to 18 inches wide.
Sideboard
Low and long cabinet used in dining rooms for storing dishes, flatware, and linens. It often features drawers and cabinets and provides a surface for serving food or displaying decorative items.
Side Table
A small, versatile table placed beside a sofa, chair, or bed to hold items like lamps, drinks, books, or décor. While similar to an end table, a side table offers more flexibility in placement throughout the home.
Sinuous Spring
S-shaped or also known as zigzag spring or serpentine springs are metal springs mounted beneath upholstered seating for support and prevent sagging.
Sisal
A natural fiber derived from the agave plant, used in rugs and textiles.
Skirt
A fabric panel attached to the bottom of upholstered furniture that hides the legs and frame. Skirts can be pleated, ruffled, or straight and are often used in traditional or cottage-style decor.
Slat
A thin, flat strip of wood or metal used to support mattresses or form chair backs and bases. In beds, slats provide airflow and support for the mattress; in chairs, they contribute to structure and style.
Sleigh Bed
Features a curved or scrolled headboard and footboard that resemble a sleigh.
Slipcover
A removable fabric cover that fits over upholstered furniture to protect the original upholstery or update the look. Slipcovers are practical for seasonal changes or extending the life of a piece.
Softwood
Softwood comes from coniferous trees like pine, fir, and cedar. It is generally lighter and easier to work with than hardwood and is used in casual or rustic furniture and structural framing.
Sofa
A long upholstered seating piece designed to accommodate two or more people.
Sofa Bed
A dual-purpose furniture piece that functions as both a sofa and a fold-out bed which typically includes a hidden mattress inside the frame.
Solid Slatted Base
A firm bed base made with rigid, flat wooden slats, offering strong support for mattresses.
Spindle Back
This classic style is often associated with Windsor chairs since it features a thin, rounded vertical rods or spindles arranged across the backrest
Splat
The central vertical support in a chair back that is located between the uprights.
Staining
Process of applying pigmented liquid to wood to enhance or change its color while allowing the grain to show through. Stains come in a variety of tones and are sealed with a finish to protect the surface.
Steel Band Base
A circular or linear steel support structure used as a base for tables or seating.
Stretcher
A horizontal support bar connecting the legs of a chair, table, or bench.
Suede
Soft, napped leather made from the underside of animal hide as it offers a plush texture and luxurious appearance but is more delicate and susceptible to stains compared to full-grain leather.
Swivel Chair
Rotates of 360 degrees on a central base, allowing easy movement without repositioning the chair legs.
T
Table
A flat-topped piece of furniture supported by legs or a pedestal, used for working, eating, or holding items. It comes in various shapes, heights, and styles, including dining tables, coffee tables, and side tables, serving both functional and decorative purposes.
Tambour Door
Consisting of narrow slats (usually wood or metal) attached to a flexible backing that allows it to roll or slide along a track, typically disappearing into the cabinet frame.
Tambour Front
Referring to the face of a cabinet, desk, or sideboard that features tambour doors. The design adds a distinctive texture and elegant movement to furniture while allowing easy access to contents without requiring swing-out doors.
Tansu
Tansu is a traditional Japanese storage cabinet, originally used for storing clothing, documents, or kitchenware.
Tapestry
A heavy textile with woven or embroidered patterns, often depicting scenes or motifs. In furniture, tapestry fabric is used for upholstery or wall coverings, adding historical richness and texture to traditional interiors.
Tapered Leg
It is common in mid-century modern, shaker, and contemporary furniture as it gradually narrows from top to the bottom.
Tassel
A decorative hanging ornament made from gathered threads, often used as a trim on drapery, cushions, or upholstery.
Teak
A tropical hardwood known for its natural oils, durability, and resistance to water, pests, and decay.
Tester Bed
Also known as a four-poster or canopy bed, features vertical posts at each corner and a horizontal frame (the tester) across the top.
Texture
Refers to the visual and tactile surface quality of furniture materials such as wood grain, fabric weave, or metal finish.
Ticking
Tightly woven, durable fabric traditionally made from cotton or linen and often striped.
Tilt-Top Table
Featuring a hinged top that can pivot vertically, allowing the tabletop to stand upright when not in use.
Tint
A slight modification of color, usually by adding white to lighten the hue. In furniture, tinting may refer to finishes or stains applied to wood or upholstery to achieve a specific tone or color match.
TOB (Top of Bed)
TOB stands for “Top of Bed,” a retail and design term referring to all decorative bedding layers, such as duvets, quilts, shams, and throw pillows. TOB elements complete the look of a bed and coordinate with the overall bedroom design.
Top Grain
The uppermost layer of a hide that has been sanded or corrected to remove imperfections. It is one of the highest quality leathers used in furniture.
Track Arm
A straight, flat, squared-off arm style found on sofas and chairs. This clean and modern design creates a tailored silhouette, often used in contemporary or transitional furniture.
Trestle Table
The design allows for more legroom and this flat top is supported by two or more trestle-style legs connected by a horizontal stretcher.
Trompe L’Oeil
A decorative art technique that creates an optical illusion, making painted or printed surfaces appear three-dimensional. In furniture, this might be seen in painted drawer fronts or panels mimicking architectural details or materials.
Tufting
A decorative technique where fabric is pulled in and secured, forming dimples or buttons for a luxurious look. This process involves sewing buttons or stitching through upholstery fabric and padding to create decorative depressions.
Tuffet
A small, round, upholstered footstool or seat, typically lower to the ground than an ottoman.
Tuxedo
It is often paired with straight cushions and minimal embellishments and it features a clean-lined design where the arms and back are of equal height.
Two-Tone
Combination of two contrasting or complementary finishes such as natural wood and painted surfaces on the same piece.
Turning
Turning is a woodworking process where a lathe shapes wood into symmetrical forms like spindles, legs, or columns. Turned components are common in traditional furniture and can range from simple tapers to elaborate decorative profiles.
Twill
A durable, diagonally woven fabric often made from cotton or polyester. Used in upholstery and drapery, twill resists wear and wrinkles while offering a soft texture and subtle pattern.
U
Upholstery
The materials (fabric, padding, springs) covering sofas, chairs, and other furniture for comfort and aesthetics.
Uprights
The vertical structural elements in furniture, often found in chair backs, bookcases, cabinets, or bed frames.
V
Valet
A valet (or valet stand) is a furniture piece designed to hold clothing and accessories, often used in bedrooms or dressing rooms that includes a hanger for jackets, a tray or drawer for cufflinks and watches, and a rack for trousers or shoes.
Vanity
A low table or cabinet with a mirror and storage, used for personal grooming, applying makeup, or storing beauty products.
Velvet
A luxurious, soft fabric with a dense pile that gives it a smooth texture and elegant sheen. It is traditionally made from silk and now commonly produced with synthetic or blended fibers, velvet is widely used in upholstery, drapery, and cushions.
Veneer
Veneer is a thin slice of fine wood or other material applied to the surface of furniture to achieve the appearance of solid wood. It allows for decorative grain patterns and a high-end look while using a more affordable core like MDF or plywood.
Vertically Run (Grain)
Refers to the orientation of wood or veneer grain running up and down along a piece of furniture, as opposed to horizontal or diagonal.
Viscose
It has a silk-like sheen and softness, as this semi-synthetic fiber is made from regenerated cellulose, which is used in upholstery fabrics and decorative textiles.
Vitrine
They are ideal for showcasing prized possessions, as these glass-fronted cabinets are used for displaying collectibles, fine china, or decorative items. They are often fitted with interior lighting and glass shelves.
W
Wall Recliner
A type of reclining chair designed to sit close to a wall that is usually within a few inches while still allowing the backrest to recline. It operates by shifting forward as it leans back.
Warp
Distortion or bending in wood or other materials caused by uneven moisture exposure or changes in humidity. In furniture, warping can affect the structure and appearance, making it important to control environmental conditions and use properly dried materials.
Wardrobe
A tall, freestanding cabinet used for storing clothing, linens, or accessories. It typically includes hanging space, shelves, and sometimes drawers, serving as a portable alternative to a built-in closet.
Waterbed
A mattress filled with water instead of traditional springs or foam. It conforms to the body’s shape and provides adjustable firmness but requires specific frames and care to prevent leaks or punctures.
Wavy Mirror
Features a frame or glass edge with flowing, undulating lines instead of straight or symmetrical shapes. Popular in contemporary, eclectic, and minimalist interiors, wavy mirrors add a playful, organic aesthetic to a space.
Weave
Refers to the interlacing of fibers or materials such as fabric, rattan, or wicker that is used in furniture upholstery, cushions, or structure.
Webbing
A supportive material made of fabric, jute, or synthetic fibers stretched across frames in upholstered furniture. It helps hold cushions in place and provides a flexible foundation beneath the seat or backrest.
Welting
Also known as piping, is a fabric-covered cord sewn along the edges of cushions or upholstery.
Wicker
Refers to the weaving technique and the resulting product made from pliable materials such as rattan, bamboo, or synthetic fibers.
Window Shades
A fabric or vinyl panel mounted on a roller or track system, used to block light and add privacy. Unlike curtains, shades operate vertically and can be adjusted to control brightness and temperature.
Windsor Chair
Originating in 18th-century England, it features a solid wooden seat into which slender, turned spindles are socketed to form the backrest and legs.
Wing Chair
Also called a wingback chair as it features high backrests and side “wings” that extend down to the armrests. It is originally designed to shield sitters from drafts or fireplace heat.
Work Table
A utilitarian table designed for household tasks such as writing, sewing, or crafting. Historically, work tables included drawers or compartments for supplies and were used in kitchens, studios, or domestic offices.
Y
Yard Bench
A yard bench is a freestanding outdoor seating bench typically placed in gardens, patios, or along walkways. It is often made from weather-resistant materials such as teak, wrought iron, or powder-coated aluminum and designed to withstand exposure to the elements.
Yarn-Dyed
It refers to textiles woven from fibers that have been dyed before weaving. This process ensures color consistency and depth throughout the material and is often used in upholstery and drapery fabrics for long-lasting vibrancy and durability.
Z
Zaisu Chair
A traditional Japanese legless chair with a backrest, designed for floor seating. It’s often used with tatami mats and low tables, providing ergonomic support while maintaining a minimal and space-saving profile in Japanese-style interiors.
Zigzag Shelf
A shelving unit with an angular, zigzag-shaped design that adds visual interest and modern appeal.
Zinc Table
It features a tabletop made from zinc, a durable, non-corrosive metal with a naturally aged, matte-gray finish.
Final Thoughts on Furniture Terms
Understanding furniture terminology isn’t just helpful, it’s empowering. Whether you’re a homeowner furnishing your first space, a designer sourcing pieces for a project, or a retailer guiding clients through a sale, knowing the correct terms enhances communication, improves purchasing decisions, and adds confidence at every stage of the furniture journey.
It also helps you avoid falling for gimmicky sales or flashy advertisements when buying. It’s important to remember that each term carries meaning that reflects the craftsmanship, design, and function of a piece. Knowing the difference influences the style, quality, and longevity of your investment
As styles evolve and innovations emerge, so will the vocabulary we use to describe them. This glossary serves as a foundational resource, one you can return to if you want to check whether Artspire Home offers a particular item, share with friends, family, or clients, or use as a training tool for your team.
Whether you're aiming to furnish a dream home or guide others in doing so, speaking the language of furniture fluently is a mark of both professionalism and passion.
